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      In 1969，the famous American translation theorist Eugene A. Nida put forward functional equivalence theory. Unlike the traditional translation theories that mainly stress the correspondence between the source language and target language， Nida's functional equivalence theory reader's response. Nida points out that in order to reach the ideal translation， it is necessary to find the closet natural equivalence. Nida's functional equivalence theory open up a new perspective to translation studies.
　　In Nida's view， translation is not only the equivalence of words? meaning， but also includes semantics， and style， the message translation of both the surface lexical information， but also deep cultural information. Nida's focus on receptor's response in his new concept of translating is actually the theory of dynamic equivalence，which is” directed primarily toward equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form”．
　　In Nida's opinion， a dynamic equivalent translation must fit the receptor language and culture in order to make the translated message intelligible and natural to the target language receptors．“A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression，and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his own culture；it does not insist that he understands the cultural patterns of the source language context in order to comprehend the message.”
　　In 1969， in Nida's work From One Language to Another， he started to use the 2 term functional equivalence to replace dynamic equivalent. However， there is not much difference between them. Nida described functional equivalence like this： “Basically， dynamic equivalence has been described in terms of functional equivalence．The translation has been defined on the basis that the receptors of a translation should comprehend the translated text to such all extent that they call understand how the original receptors must have understood the original text .”
　　Nida further perfect his theory in the 1990s. In his book Language， Culture and Translating， he divided functional equivalence into different degrees of adequacy from minimal to maximal effectiveness on the basis of both cognitive and experiential factors. The Minimal definition of functional equivalence is “The readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they call conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it.” The Maximal definition of functional equivalence could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able to understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did”.