Anyone who has to translate Afrikaans to English needs to know a little something about the history of the Afrikaans language. While it’s a relatively new language on the world scene, it’s already been through a lot.

Afrikaans can trace its roots back to 17th and 18th century Dutch. The language, which is spoken in South Africa and Namibia, as well as some areas of Botswana, began to evolve independently from Dutch in the 18th century.

These days a relatively quick plane ride connects the southern tip of the African continent with Europe. Several hundred years ago, sailing from the Netherlands to South Africa was an exceptionally long and perilous journey.

If you know a bit of Dutch, you might understand some Afrikaans. The cultural and linguistic separation from the Dutch mother language eventually led to the creation of “Cape Dutch” and then to Afrikaans. The modern incarnation of the Germanic Afrikaans is a mixture of a much older form of Dutch and a hefty dose of vocabulary from other African, Asian, and European languages.

Afrikaans, while still strongly Dutch-based, has incorporated words from the “clicking” Khoisan languages, Narrow Bantu languages, Malay, and Portuguese. Now there’s a hodgepodge of lexicon items for you.

Folks who speak Afrikaans as a first language, or even as a second or third language, can generally understand a fair amount of Dutch as it’s spoken in the Netherlands. Although this might be helpful to some, it’s important to remember that the two languages have diverged significantly over time.

Speakers of Afrikaans generally speak English as well, especially in South Africa. Even so, it’s sometimes necessary to translate Afrikaans to English. The early European settlers in Africa came into contact with different peoples and languages, which created differences in dialects, including Kaapse Afrikaans and Oranje River Afrikaans. There is also a secretive prison jargon used by some inmates in South Africa that mixes Afrikaans and Zulu.